Emacs - 笔记整理 (草稿)

• Menu 菜单栏 : 屏幕顶部突出显示的条
• Frame 框架
  • Window 窗口
    • Buffer 缓冲区 : 关联文件
• Mode Line 模式行 (状态栏) : 每个窗口中 横贯底部的高亮条 提供当前缓冲区的信息
• Echo Area : 模式行下面 底部的区域 显示相关信息

Mode Line

• smart-mode-line

• 主要模式 major-mode : 主要的编辑行为 仅用于当前缓冲区 仅有一个活动的主模式
• 次要模式 minor-mode : 提供了一些与任何特定的主要模式无关的特性或功能 可多个

组合键

• Ctrl (C)
• Meta (M)
  • 输入 Meta
    • Alt
    • Esc (按下 Esc, 松开, 再按其它键)
    • Ctrl-[ 代替 Esc (通过网络运行 Emacs, 无法使用 Esc 和 Alt 键时)

• For Mac

  ;; Fn -> hyper : H
  (setq ns-function-modifier 'hyper)
  ;; Cmd -> meta : M
  (setq ns-command-modifier 'meta)
  ;; Opt -> super : S
  (setq ns-option-modifier 'super)
  

设置

• Global : global-(set|unset)-key
• Local : local-(set|unset)-key

Assist

• bind-key

  • Config

    (require 'bind-key)
    

  • Example

    (bind-key "C-c x" 'my-ctrl-c-x-command)
    ;; override all minor modes
    (bind-key* "<C-return>" 'other-window)
    
    ;; Unbind
    (unbind-key "C-c x" some-other-mode-map)
    
    ;; Keymap
    (bind-key "C-c x" 'my-ctrl-c-x-command some-other-mode-map)
        
    ;; Multiple bind
    (bind-keys*
     ("C-o" . other-window)
     ("C-M-n" . forward-page)
     ("C-M-p" . backward-page))
    ;;-| add keys into a specific map
    (bind-keys :map dired-mode-map
               ("o" . dired-omit-mode)
               ("a" . some-custom-dired-function))
    ;;-| set up a prefix map
    (bind-keys :prefix-map my-customize-prefix-map
               :prefix "C-c c"
               ("f" . customize-face)
               ("v" . customize-variable))
    

每一个命令 == 一个功能(Elisp函数)

• Tutorial : C-h t
• Manual : info-emacs-manual == C-h r
  • Online : Emacs manual

• 当前模式|变量|函数|键绑定|符号

  describe-mode	C-h m
  describe-varible	C-h v
  describe-function	C-h f
  describe-bindings	C-h b
  describe-symbol	C-h o

• 通过键盘 输入一个键绑定

  describe-key-briefly	C-h c
  describe-key	C-h k

• 命令历史
  • M-x list-command-history

Key bindings

• guide-key

• 打开-文件
  • find-file == C-x C-f
  • find-file-read-only == C-x C-r
  • 替换: find-alternate-file == C-x C-v (替换缓冲区关联的文件)
• 切换
  • switch-to-buffer == C-x b (-> Helm-mini)
  • switch-to-buffer-other-(window|frame) == C-x (4|5) b
  • list-buffers == C-x C-b (-> helm-buffers-list)
  • (previous|next)-buffer == C-x (left|right)
• 杀死
  • kill-buffer == C-x k
  • M-x kill-(some|matching)-buffers
  • M-x clean-buffer-list (未修改>=3天)
• 保存
  • 全部: save-some-buffers == C-x s
  • 当前: save-buffer == C-x C-s
• 另存为
  • write-file == C-x C-w
• 重命名
  • M-x rename-(buffer|uniquely)
• 只读
  • read-only-mode == C-x C-q
• 恢复
  • M-x revert-buffer (恢复到上一次存盘时)
  • M-x recover-file (从自动保存恢复)
  • M-x recover-session
• 重定位
  • recenter-top-bottom == C-l
• Indirect Buffers : shares the text of some other buffer
  • M-x (make|clone)-indirect-buffer
  • clone-indirect-buffer-other-window == C-x 4 c

Assist

• 缓冲列表: Helm
  • C-x b => Helm-mini
  • C-x C-b => helm-buffers-list

Window

• 打开-文件
  • find-file-other-window == C-x 4 f
  • find-file-read-only-other-window == C-x 4 r
• 划分-垂直|水平
  • split-window-(below|vertically) == C-x 2
  • split-window-(right|horizontally) == C-x 3
• 关闭
  • 当前: delete-window == C-x 0
  • 其它: delete-other-windows == C-x 1
  • 当前窗口及其缓冲区: kill-buffer-and-window == C-x 4 0
• 滚动
  • scroll-other-window == C-M-v
• 调整大小
  • enlarge-window == C-x ^
  • (enlarge|shrink)-window-horizontally == C-x (}|{)
  • shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer == C-x -
  • 平衡-所有可见窗口大小: balance-windows == C-x +

Frame

• 打开-文件
  • find-file-other-frame == C-x 5 f
  • find-file-read-only-other-frame == C-x 5 r
• 新建
  • make-frame-command == C-x 5 2
• 切换
  • other-frame == C-x 5 o
  • switch-to-buffer-other-frame == C-x 5 b
• 删除
  • 当前: delete-frame == C-x 5 0
  • 其它: delete-other-frames == C-x 5 1

Assist

• Hydra-window

• 开启服务 : M-x server-start

  • 初始文件 <<

    (server-start)
    

• 客服端 : emacsclient
  • -t <filename> : open a new frame on the terminal
  • -c : open a new X frame
  • -n, –no-wait : Don't wait for the server to return

选中 需要编辑的部分文本

• 标记
  • 点
    • C-(<SPC>|@) == set-mark-command (激活)
    • C-<SPC> C-<SPC> (不激活 但进入标记环)
  • 段落
    • M-h == mark-paragraph
  • 缓冲区
    • C-x h == mark-whole-buffer
  • Mouse shift-selection
    • Shift-<Mouse>
• 标记环 (Mark Ring : 标记的点 进入 标记环) [Global|Local]
  • 最后标记点
    • C-u C-<SPC> (当前缓冲)
    • C-x C-<SPC> == pop-global-mark
  • 列表
• 互换位置-插入点和标记点
  • C-x C-x == exchange-point-and-mark

Special

• 标记 表达式
  • C-M-@ == mark-sexp
• 标记 定义
  • C-M-h == mark-defun

Assist

• 标记环列表: Helm
  • M-x helm-mark-all-rings | helm-[global]-mark-ring
• expand-region : er/expand-region = C-

Supplement

• 整行

  (defun xt3/sel-cur-line ()
    (interactive)
    (set-mark (line-end-position))
    (beginning-of-line))
  (bind-key "C-x M-h" #'xt3/sel-cur-line)
  

Input 输入

• 可见的(图形字符) : a..z , 1..0, !..?
• 控制字符 : <SPC>, <RET>, <TAB>, <DEL>, <ESC>, <F1>, <Home>, <LEFT>
  • 插入空白行 : <RET> | C-j | C-o
• 修饰键 : <Control>, <META>
• 输入 对应 命令
• 非键盘 : mouse(鼠标) (一般作为定位 特殊模式 拖拽绘制字符)
• 引用插入
  • C-q == quoted-insert
  • 不可见(非图形字符)
    • <Ret>, C-l(分页符)
    • 033 Enter (Ascii 八进制) = f
• Unicode
  • C-x 8 RET
  • 速记 : C-x 8 C-h £
  • ∑ (2211) ⤶ (2936)

Assist

• Input Method 输入法
  • 内置
    • 触发 : toggle-input-medthod == C-\
    • 切换 : select-input-medthod == C-u C-\ | C-x Ret C-\
    • 示例 :

      • Tex α x₃ X³

                \alpha α  \Gamma Γ
                \rightarrow →  \Leftarrow ⇐ 
                \oplus ⊕  \int ∫
                x_3 x₃  v^x vˣ
        

      • greek-babel αΑ Γγ η

                Αα Ββ Γγ Δδ Εε Ζζ  Ηη Θθ Ιι Κκ Λλ Μμ 
                Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Zz  Hh Jj Ii Kk Ll Mm 
              
                Νν Ξξ Οο Ππ Ρρ Σσς Ττ Υυ Φφ Χχ Ψψ Ωω
                Nn Xx Oo Pp Rr Ssc Tt Uu Ff Qq Yy Ww
        

• 使用操作系统的 输入法 或 其它工具
• Abbrev mode
  • zhw -> hello world hello world
• 补全
  • company
  • auto-complete
  • yasnippet
    • yas-insert-snippet == s-i
• 来源 : 文件 | 其它缓冲
  • C-x i == insert-file
  • insert-buffer

• 删除(delete) | 剪切(kill)
  • 区别 : kill 会把kill掉内容放到 kill ring 里
  • 字符|词 - 左|右
    • delete-backward-char == <Del>
    • delete-char == C-d
    • —
    • backward-kill-word == (C|M)-<Del>
    • kill-word == M-d
  • 行 - 右|左|整行
    • 右: kill-line == C-k
    • 左: M-0 C-k
    • 整: kill-whole-line (-> whole-line-or-region == C-w)
  • 句
    • kill-sentence == M-k
    • backward-kill-sentence == C-x <DEL>
  • 区域
    • kill-region == C-w (-> whole-line-or-region)
• 复制-区域
  • kill-ring-save == M-w (-> whole-line-or-region)
• 粘贴 (从 Kill ring (剪切环))
  • 最近一个: yank == C-y
  • yank-pop == M-y
  • 指定位置: (C-u|M-) [Num] C-y

Special

• 表达式 (exp) "exp" exp
  • C-M-k == kill-sexp

Assist

• Kill Ring : Helm
  • helm-show-kill-ring == M-y
• whole-line-or-region config : 区域激活 则应用到区域 否则 应用到当前行
• Copy Kill Move(Kill-[Goto]-Paste)
  • move-dup (行|区域)
    • md/move-lines-[up|down]
    • md/duplicate-[up|down]
  • Avy
    • avy-copy-[line|region] (单行|行范围)
    • avy-kill-[line|region]
    • avy-move-[line|region]
• 到字符之前
  • 右: M-z [char] == zap-to-char
  • 左: M– M-z
• 连续-空格
  • delete-horizontal-space == M-\
• 空白行 (位置相关: 一个到无 | 多个到一个 | 跟随的全部)
  • delete-blank-lines == C-x C-o
• 重复行
  • delete-duplicate-lines (keeps first)
    • C-u : keeps last
    • C-u C-u : only adjacent lines (邻近)
    • C-u C-u C-u : retains repeated blank lines

• 撤销/重做
  • Undo: undo == C-/
  • Redo: C-u C-/

Assist

• undo-tree config
  • undo-tree-visualize == C-x u
  • Undo: undo-tree-undo == C-/
  • Redo: undo-tree-redo == C-?

• rectangle 矩形区块
  • 插入
    • 空格: open-rectangle == C-x r o
    • 字符串: M-x string-insert-rectangle
    • 行号: rectangle-number-lines == C-x r N
      • C-u : set start number and format
  • 替代
    • 空格: clear-rectangle == C-x r c
    • 字符串: string-rectangle == C-x r t
  • 删除
    • delete-rectangle == C-x r d
    • 空格: M-x delete-whitespace-rectangle
  • 剪切 | 复制 | 粘贴
    • C-x r k == kill-rectangle
    • C-x r M-w == copy-rectangle-as-kill
    • C-x r y == yank-rectangle
• Keyboard Macro 键盘宏

Assist

• Multiple cursors config kbd

• 缩进
  • 按上一行的格式: indent-region = M-C-\ = <Tab>
  • 区域: indent-rigidly = C-x <Tab> = C-x C-i
• 行操作
  • 开新
    • open-line == C-o
    • newline-and-maybe-indent == C-j
  • 分割
    • split-line == M-C-o
  • 连接-前|后
    • delete-indentation == M-^ (反向: C-u ..)
• 调换-前|后
  • transpose-(chars|words) == (C|M)-t
• 转换-大小写
  • (capitalize|uppercase|downcase)-word == M-(c|u|l) (反向: M– ..)
  • (upcase|downcase)-region == C-x C-(u|l)
• Narrowing : 当前缓冲 进入部分编辑 不影响缓冲其它部分
  • 进入: narrow-to-(region|page|defun) == C-x n (n|p|d)
    • org-narrow-to-(subtree|block|element) == C-x n (s|b|e)
  • 退出: widen == C-x n w

• 词数
  • count-words-region == M-= (缓冲: C-u ..)
  • M-x count-words (缓冲|区域)
• 行数
  • M-x count-lines-region
• 字符信息
  • what-cursor-position == C-x = (编码 第几个字符 第几列)
  • M-x describe-char (详细信息)

• 开始|结束
  • (start|end)-kbd-macro == C-x (|) == <F3>|<F4>
  • 追加: C-u C-x (
• 执行
  • call-last-kbd-macro == C-x e == <F4>
  • M-x (Macro Name) | helm-execute-kmacro
• 终止
  • C-g
• 命名
  • M-x name-last-kbd-macro

• 添加
  • 全局: add-global-abbrev == C-x a g
  • 当前主要模式: add-mode-abbrev == C-x a l
  • inverse-add-(global|mode)-abbrev == C-x a i (g|l)
  • M-x define-(global|mode)-abbrev
  • 前缀
    • 0 : region as expansion
    • C-u [N] : N words
• 删除
  • Arg: C-u -
  • 全部: M-x kill-all-abbrevs
• 扩展
  • abbrev-prefix-mark == M-'
  • expand-abbrev == C-x a e
  • M-x expand-region-abbrevs
  • M-x unexpand-abbrev
• 查看和编辑
  • M-x list-abbrevs (C-u [N] .. : local, N:次数)
  • M-x edit-abbrevs
• 保存
  • M-x write-abbrev-file <RET> file <RET>
  • M-x read-abbrev-file <RET> file <RET>
  • M-x define-abbrevs
  • M-x insert-abbrevs

寄存器 : 存储 文本 矩形区块 位置 值 设置

• View
  • M-x view-register <RET>
• Jump
  • jump-to-register == C-x r j
• Position
  • Save: point-to-register == C-x r <SPC>
• Text|Rectangle
  • Save: copy-[rectangle]-to-register == C-x r (s|r) (C-u .. : copy-to and del)
  • Insert: insert-register == C-x r i
• Text
  • Append: M-x append-to-register <RET>
    • increment-register == C-x r +
  • Prepend: M-x prepend-to-register <RET>
• Frame&Window Configuration
  • Save
    • window-configuration-to-register == C-x r w
    • frameset-to-register == C-x r f
  • Restore: C-x r j (C-u .. : del frame invisible)
• Number
  • Save: number-to-register == C-u [N] C-x r n
  • Increment: C-u [N] C-x r +
  • Insert: insert-register == C-x r i
• Keyboard Macro
  • Save: kmacro-to-register == C-x C-k x
  • Exe: C-x r j

书签 : 保存缓冲区中位置

• 设置-光标位置
  • bookmark-set == C-x r m
  • bookmark-set-no-overwrite == C-x r M
• 移动到-指示的位置
  • bookmark-jump == C-x r b
• 显示-书签列表
  • list-bookmarks == C-x r l
• 删除
  • M-x bookmark-delete
• 重命名
  • M-x bookmark-rename
• 保存 加载
  • 到默认文件: bookmark-save
  • 新文件: bookmark-write
  • 加载: bookmark-load
• 插入
  • 文件内容: bookmark-insert
  • 文件名字: bookmark-insert-location

Highlight 高亮

• 光标所在行
  • hl-line-mode (当前缓冲) config

自动加载外部修改过的文件

• global-auto-revert-mode

自动保存

• M-x auto-save
  • 重开: M-1 ..

Dired (Directory Edit) Config

打开

• dired == C-x d == C-x C-f [Dir]
• dired-other-(window | frame) == C-x (4 | 5) d
• list-directory == C-x C-d

Mode

• 退出: q
• 执行 Shell 命令
  • dired-do-(async)-shell-command == ! | (&)
• 刷新
  • revert-buffer == g
  • dired-do-redisplay == l
• 排序-时间|文件名-(默认按文件名排序)
  • s == dired-sort-toggle-or-edit
  • C-u s
    • c : last modification time.
    • u : access time.
    • S : file size.
    • X : file extension.
• 移动
  • 下|上
    • Space = C-n = n
    • Del = C-p = p
  • 子目录: dired-(next | prev)-dirline == > | <
  • Jump : dired-goto-file == j
  • 父目录: dired-up-directory == ^
• 打开-文件
  • dired-find-file == <RET> == f
  • dired-find-file-other-window == o
  • dired-display-file == C-o (光标不动)
  • 只读: dired-view-file == v
    • C-c == q // 返回目录清单窗口
    • s // search
    • Enter // 前进到下一行
    • = // 显示光标在哪一行
    • e // 编辑文件
• 标记
  • dired-mark == m
    • 后面的 N 个: (N) m
  • Regex: dired-mark-files-regexp == % m
  • 去掉: dired-unmark-(backward) == u | <del>
  • 去掉所有: dired-unmark-all-marks == U
• 执行
  • dired-do-flagged-delete == x
• 新建
  • dired-create-directory == +
  • S // 符号链接
  • H // 硬链接
• 复制
  • dired-do-copy == C
    • (N) C // 将复制光标位置上的文件和其后N个
• 删除
  • 立即: dired-do-delete == D
  • 待删标记: dired-flag-file-deletion == d
• 重命名或移动
  • R
• 修改-权限|用户|用户组|时间戳
  • M // Mode
  • O // owner
  • dired-do-chgrp == G
  • T // Timestamp
• 压缩|解压缩-文件
  • dired-do-compress == Z (已压缩 则 解压缩)
  • dired-do-compress-to ~== c
• 搜索
  • dired-do-search == A
  • dired-isearch-filenames == M-s f C-s
  • dired-isearch-filenames-regexp == M-s f M-C-s
• 查询替换
  • dired-do-query-replace == Q

Assist

• Magit
  • magit-status == C-c g
  • Help: ?

Common Lisp

• Slime Config

• Doc

  (setq common-lisp-hyperspec-root
        (concat "file://" (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/HyperSpec/")))    
  
  (setq common-lisp-hyperspec-symbol-table
        (concat common-lisp-hyperspec-root "Data/Map_Sym.txt"))
  
  (use-package w3m)
  (setq browse-url-browser-function
        '(("/HyperSpec" . w3m-browse-url)
          ("." . browse-url-default-browser)))
  

Assist

• Paredit Config
• lispy Config
• rainbow-delimiters : Rainbow parentheses Config